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Saturday, August 22, 2009

The Glorious Story Of The Saxophone

By Jim Samposzi

The saxophone, or sax, is a lively and popular instrument that is apart of the woodwind family of instruments. The sax is usually built of brass and is standard for an orchestra, band, or other musical group. The saxophone goes way back to the days of jazz and big band. Also, this instrument has been instrumental in the production of blues and more importantly, modern rock. This beautiful music maker has also been known to be included in military bands and processions.

The saxophone is a complicated instrument that is made up of the following components:

Brass stock/horn

Single-reed mouthpiece

Tone holes (20-30)

Speaker holes

Keys (or pad cups)

Spit Valve

These parts of the instrument have been improved over time to further expand the capabilities via engineering and trial. The mouthpiece, as an example, has been made of various metals, such as: gold, silver, rubber, glass, wood, porcelain, crystal, or bone. Manufacturers over the years have attempted various prototypes to improve the tone and overall sound quality of the instrument.

Saxophones have increased in popularity since their invention by Adolphe Sax in 1841. Sax was determined to create an instrument that would bridge the gap between all other woodwinds and brass instruments. Mr. Sax did what he wished and the saxophone was the leading instrument in orchestras of the late 19th century. For the Army, the sax worked perfectly when tuned to include B and E pitches. Also, the saxophone was made to create the C and F sounds for an orchestra. Later, the saxophone was an instrument of necessity for jazz music and was improved upon to produce pitches of all kind (A, B, C, G, F, and E).

After time, Adolphe Sax's invention reached a patent expiration in 1866 which prompted manufacturing of modern saxophones by several organizations. Later, in the 1950's, a an individual, M. Houvenaghel of Western Europe, introduced a special type of saxophones which had a single-tone key arrangement which enabled the musician to create octaves with his/her thumb; this design stayed permanent with the sax and was used ongoing in sax production. Other kinds of saxophones were built and tried but this arrangement was said to be the most successful and created the best control over the tones of the sax.

In modern times, the saxophone is most seen in rock, jazz, and military bands. Saxophones are built of either brass or bronze and differ in cost and usability. Preferences are typical with different musicians of jazz and funk; most jazz professionals like mouthpieces with a shorter chamber due to the ability to produce a high baffle, louder, and richer melody. Other classical musicians prefer a larger chamber because of the simpler, duller sound. Whatever the application, the saxophone is the popular instrument in music of all types. From invention to improvement, the sax has made strides by leaps and bounds and is said to be the cornerstone instrument of jazz and funk. - 18758

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