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Thursday, June 18, 2009

Arabs Introduced the Oud to Europe

By Steve West

The oud is a pear-shaped stringed instrument many believe to be the predecessor of the western lute. It is distinct among stringed instruments mainly because it does not have frets. The instrument is still being used in Arabia, Iran, Turkey, Greece, Armenia, and Israel.

The words oud and lute are believed derived from the Arabic al-d or a thin piece of wood similar to the shape of a straw. It could refer to the wood plectrum traditionally used to play the lute, or to the slender wooden strips used for the instruments back. Maybe it could also mean that the top is made of wood.

Although, research has suggested that d is the Arabization of the Persian word rud; a string, a stringed instrument, or a lute. The instrument is extensively played in Azerbaijan, where it is called an ud. It has been in Azerbaijan since the 7th century.

Most likely, it was the Arabs who brought the instrument to Western Europe in 711 AD, when they put up the Umayyad Caliphate of Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula. Or it could be that instruments resembling the instrument like the ancient Roman pandura and Greek pandoura, found their way much earlier to the Iberian Peninsula. What is known for sure, though, is that the royal houses of Al-Andalus nurtured the environment that enhanced the instruments popularity.

Zyriab was the most renowned player of the instrument in Al-Andalus. He put up Spains very first music conservatory. He also added the instruments fifth course and developed playing technique.

This instruments European version became the lute, luth in French, luit in Dutch, laute in German, liuto in Italian, and alaud in Spanish. The word luthier, a stringed instrument maker, comes from the French luth. The European lute is distinguished from the Middle Eastern version by the use of frets.

Legend has it that Lamech, Adams sixth grandson, created the instrument. Grieving over his sons death, Lamech suspended the body of his son from a tree. The shape of his sons bleached skeleton put the idea into his head to make the first oud. - 18758

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